Although a river named 深川 (Fukagawa) does not exist within the Fukagawa region, the existence of rivers within this area was essential for the geisha community. A kimono industry can thrive with a river nearby, and rivers can provide extra customers; they are a transportation and trade route in which boat travelers and merchants can stop by the town.
In the Fukagawa area, there is a river called the Sendaiborigawa （仙台堀川）that has contributed to the geisha district.
It is called a Sendai River because this river brought in ships that carried rice from Sendai, in the Tohoku region. Sendaiborigawa is connected to a more famous river named Sumidagawa（隅田川）, which frequently appears in Fukagawa-related kouta.
Sources
http://www.city.sendai.jp/tokyojimu/shise/tokyo/masamuneko/sendaihorikawa.html
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